Rowbotham further held that the Sun and Moon were 3,000 miles (4,800 km) above Earth and that the "cosmos" was 3,100 miles (5,000 km) above the Earth. He later expanded this into the book Earth Not a Globe, proposing the Earth is a flat disc centred at the North Pole and bounded along its southern edge by a wall of ice, Antarctica. Based on conclusions derived from his 1838 Bedford Level experiment, Rowbotham published the 1849 pamphlet titled Zetetic Astronomy, writing under the pseudonym "Parallax". Modern flat Earth belief originated with the English writer Samuel Rowbotham (1816–1884). Many believers make use of social media to spread their views. Through the use of social media, flat Earth theories have been increasingly espoused and promoted by individuals unaffiliated with larger groups. Those who are serious are often motivated by religion or conspiracy theories. įlat Earth groups of the modern era date from the middle of the 20th century some adherents are serious and some are not.
Flat Earth advocates are classified by experts in philosophy and physics as science deniers.
Flat Earth beliefs are pseudoscience the hypotheses and assertions are not based on scientific knowledge. Modern flat Earth beliefs are promoted by organizations and individuals advocating that the Earth is flat while denying the Earth's sphericity, contrary to over two millennia of scientific consensus. The observable, contemporary scientific view of the Earth as a rotating spherical globe, which flat Earth believers contest. Twenty-two images of the Earth taken from space by the DSCOVR satellite.
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